The Fundamentals of Writing a Feature Screenplay

Writing a feature-length screenplay is an ambitious yet rewarding endeavor that requires a balance of creativity, structure, and discipline. Whether you’re crafting a high-concept thriller, an intimate drama, or a genre-bending horror film, understanding the fundamental principles of screenwriting will set you on the path to success.

1. Understanding Story Structure

Most feature films follow a three-act structure:

• Act One (Setup): Introduces the protagonist, the world, and the central conflict. The inciting incident occurs here, propelling the story forward.
• Act Two (Confrontation): The protagonist faces escalating obstacles, developing subplots and character arcs. This act often contains a midpoint twist that shifts the stakes.
• Act Three (Resolution): The climax delivers the story’s emotional and narrative payoff, followed by a resolution that ties up loose ends.

2. Crafting Compelling Characters

Great stories are driven by compelling characters with clear goals, motivations, and flaws. Your protagonist should undergo a transformation, influenced by their choices and struggles. Supporting characters should also serve a purpose, whether as allies, antagonists, or foils that reveal different facets of the main character.

3. Writing Engaging Dialogue

Dialogue should be natural yet purposeful, revealing character, advancing the plot, and creating tension. Avoid excessive exposition—show, don’t tell. Subtext is key; what characters don’t say can be just as revealing as what they do.

4. Mastering Visual Storytelling

Screenplays are blueprints for visual storytelling. Use action lines to describe settings, character movements, and mood concisely and vividly. Avoid over-directing—leave room for interpretation by the director and actors.

5. Formatting and Industry Standards

A screenplay should follow proper formatting conventions, including:

• 12-point Courier font
• Scene headings (INT./EXT. + LOCATION + TIME OF DAY)
• Action lines written in the present tense
• Character names centered above dialogue

6. The Rewrite Process

The first draft is only the beginning. Revising your script is essential for tightening dialogue, refining structure, and ensuring every scene serves the story. Seek feedback from trusted readers and be open to constructive criticism.

7. Finding Your Unique Voice

While structure is important, originality is what makes a screenplay stand out. Infuse your script with your unique perspective, themes, and stylistic choices. A strong voice can make even the most familiar story feel fresh.

Writing a feature screenplay is a marathon, not a sprint. By mastering these fundamentals and staying committed to the craft, you’ll be well on your way to creating a screenplay that resonates with audiences and industry professionals alike.